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Comparison of deep foundation solutions for embankments with sensitivity analysis using finite element method

This paper contains a sensitivity analysis of the geotechnical designs of several deep foundation solutions for embankments on soft soils. The selection of the analyzed solutions consists of a basal reinforced piled embankment using rigid inclusion technology, a basal reinforced embankment seated on geosynthetic-encased columns and a basal reinforced embankment on a consolidated foundation with the use of prefabricated vertical drains (PVDs) combined with a geotextile reinforcement. The sensitivity analysis was done for a set of typical design parameters and geometries, with the use of finite element modeling software (Plaxis 2D) and validated with limit equilibrium methods (GEO5, GGU Stability, GGU Consolidation). Examining aspects and limitations of construction time, settlements, overall stability, costs and construction processes, a comparison of deep foundation solutions is carried out based on the outcome of the design analysis.