Review on assessment method for long-term settlements on abutments in design stage

The driving discomfort on the bridge ends have become an important issue for highway us-ers. There are many reasons for the driving discomfort on the bridge ends such as compression of natural soil and embankment, insufficient compaction, loss of embankment soils, soil movement and so on. Among these reasons, the main factor for driving discomfort at the bridge ends can be the compression of natural soil and embankment. However, there is few methods to assess the long-term compression settle-ments of natural soil and embankment. This paper presents a review current method to assess a long-term settlement of natural soil and embankment at the bridge ends.