Worldwide more and more road noise and view-blocking barriers are being built along roads, motorways and railway lines, with a core that is made from mineral waste. This waste material can be in the form of slag, ash from municipal waste incineration plants or contaminated soil from the rehabilitation of contaminated sites, residue from construction waste recycling or industrial processing residue (slag, ash, foundry sands, conditioned sludges etc.). These waste products have to meet certain environmental-chemical requirements and must be provided with a surface sealing for groundwater protection. This sealing system can be designed as a mineral sealing (compacted clay liner, CCL) or it can be made of geosynthetic material (geosynthetic clay liners GCL, geomembranes). The commonly required drainage layer can also be of gravel or crushed stone or it can comprise geosynthetic materials (geosynthetic drainage system). Many noise barriers have relatively steep slopes because there is limited space and the higher the barrier and the steeper the slope the greater the noise protection. The sealing and drainage systems therefore frequently require reinforcement in the form of geogrids to ensure slope stability.
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